New research scientists have found that the orchids use sexual trickery to lure insect pollinators. This contributes to more efficient pollination of flowers. Most flowering plants are rewarded insect pollinators delicious nectar for their work, and some species of orchids, followed the path of deception. They use so-called "food-deception." These plants produce flowers that look and smell very tempting, but it not really able to bestow upon insects edible reward. Other orchids use a form of "sexual deception." They produce flowers that look and smell like female insects, usually bees or wasps. Males are attracted to sexual flowers and trying to mate with them. In doing so they inevitably collect pollen on their body, which is transferred to the next plant visited an orchid.
From the perspective of evolutionary processes, sexual strategies this case has a strange expression. Orchids, which offer a simulation of nutrient nectar can attract a large number of pollinators – bees, wasps, flies, ants and so on. But sexual enticement strategy may to attract males of only one species – flower, similar to the female wasps to attract only the male wasps, but do not attract other insects. Thus, these orchids restrict their ability to pollination. However, despite the apparent lack of sexual deception strategy, this strategy has allowed to develop a wide variety of orchids.
Hence, there is still some selective advantage in this strategy, and research is confirm. Scientists have measured the amount of pollen produced by orchids, comparing it to the amount of pollen produced by other colors. It was found that the orchids, using tactics of "sexual deception" effective deliver the pollen to other flowers, the flowers with many species of pollinators. In other words, these pollinators deliver pollen on a more precise address. Flowers same with a few pollinators are losing part of pollen transfer by insects a result of her fall to the ground, either by delivering the wrong type of pollen a plant. Thus, it appears that the strategy of using one type of pollinator is more effective at expense of smaller losses transportation of pollen from plant to plant. Thus, the strategy of imitation flowers orchid sex gives the best results!
